Higher yield is obtained by using earthworm manure or vermi compost.

Vermicompost is the conversion of different types of organic matter of plants and animals into high quality organic manure suitable for application in a short period of time with the help of certain species of earthworms. Researchers from various research institutes have been working with vermicompost for a long time.
Research on vermicompost is being carried out in various research centers and agricultural universities in our country and Eudrilus eugeni and Isenia fitida are given more priority to produce high quality vermicompost. In Western countries again the use of eudrilus fitidar is more. Eudrilus eugeni earthworms are more tolerant. It is much more tolerant of various organic pesticides like Neem shell, Mahua shell, Glyricidia, Eupatorium. The nature of earthworms varies with different types of soils, so it is an important step to create organic manure with the help of local earthworms. There is no need to bring earthworms from outside. Worm manure can be produced by breeding earthworms in large holes, tanks or concrete round pot-rings or any large container.
Nutritious
Vermicompost fertilizer contains 10 of the 16 essential nutrients of the plant. The study found that the standard vermicompost contains organic matter 27.32 per cent, nitrogen 1.56 per cent, phosphorus 1.26 per cent, potassium 2.70 per cent, calcium 2 per cent, magnesium 0.8 per cent, sulfur 0.64 per cent, boron 0. 06 percent, iron 975 ppm, manganese 612 ppm, zinc 400 ppm and copper 20 ppm.
Importance of earthworm or vermicompost
Scientist Charles Darwin was the first to inform everyone about the importance and necessity of earthworms. He said earthworms play a major role in creating the fertile soil in the bowels of the earth and in the heart of the earth, on which we produce crops. This very common, tiny creature can produce gold from perishable organic matter, converting it into earthworm or vermicompost. The digestive material that is excreted in the feces after the meal is called cast. Increasing the number of germs inside the cast and its activity increases the fertility of the soil. It has been found that the number of germs in the cast is about a thousand times higher than in the surrounding soil. Soil fertility is also increased due to the presence of various enzyme-producing bacteria on the cast. The cast has been found to add 6 per cent nitrogen and 15-30 per cent phosphorus to the plants from the soil. Also other plant food elements calcium, magnesium plants can take more amount. In the presence of earthworms, the carbon and nitrogen ratio of organic matter is around 20: 1. In this ratio the tree can easily take food from compost.
Characteristics of earthworms
In order to make earthworm manure, it is necessary to look at some of their characteristics in order to select specific species of earthworms. Ability to survive in both winter and summer climates; Ability to absorb food from all kinds of organic matter; The earthworm must be of a gigantic nature, meaning it must have the ability to eat a lot; Living in harmony with other species of earthworms; Become active as soon as they receive organic products or in a short period of time and collect food from there; Ability to resist disease and adapt to adverse conditions; Propagate rapidly and cause physical growth.
Ways to collect local earthworms
Identify soils where earthworms are visible. Dissolve 500 gm molasses and 500 gm fresh dung in 2 liters of water and sprinkle well on the soil surface in an area of ​​1 m x 1 m. The place should be covered with a lump of straw and an old sack. Water should be sprinkled continuously for 20 to 30 days. This is the place where many earthworm babies will be born at once which can be easily collected and used. Local red earthworms can even be collected from the bark of rotten banana trees.
Making holes and making fertilizer
Holes can be made as needed in the backyard or garden or field. One or two holes can be made or tanks of any size can be made with bricks and lime-surki, including a place for water to flow. 2 meters x 1 meter x 0.75 meters is ideal for this work. The size of the hole will depend on the organic and agricultural resources. Water can be stored in a temporary wall along the middle of the hole to protect the earthworms from ants. Four-celled hole-tank system Four-celled holes or tanks are made to facilitate the movement of earthworms from the fully organic manure cell to the pre-processed waste cell.
Materials
Animal feces - dung, poultry dung, goat and sheep feces. Of these, dung is the best; Chicken manure contains a lot of calcium and phosphate which can cause damage to earthworms. So it is better to use it mixed with straw, soil or dung. Agricultural waste - crop residues left after harvest such as paddy and wheat straw, mug, kalai, mustard wheat husk, husk, ka-, husk, vegetable husk, herbs, sugarcane husk; Sludge or slurry of dung gas; Urban waste and industrial waste such as food processing plant waste. Ingredients that should not be used include onion peel, dried leaves, peppers, spices and acid or acid-producing wastes, tomato, tamarind, lemon, raw or cooked fish meat residue. Also inorganic materials are stone, brick pieces, sand, polythene.
Site selection and preparation procedures
In order to make fertilizer, first you have to choose a shady high place, where there is no direct sunlight and ventilation. A tent must be given upstairs. Earthenware pots, wooden boxes, cement rings or pots, pots or earthworms can be prepared. Regardless of length and width, height is 30.48 cm-3.61 cm. (1-1.5 feet). There should be a hole in the bottom of the pot so that water does not accumulate in the pot in any way. At the bottom of the basin or pot, 3 inch or 6.5 cm pieces of brick, stone crumbs should be placed. 2.54 cm above it. (1 inch) sand lining is given so that water does not accumulate. The bed is made of a bed of straw or organic matter that is easily digested. Then partially decomposed organic matter (food) should be spread in the shade and spread on the bed. If the amount of water in the food is less, water should be sprinkled so that it contains 50-60 percent water. Adult earthworms obtained on food should be released at an average of 10 per kg. The worms will go into the food within a minute after settling for a while. Then the organic matter should be completely covered with wet burlap sacks. It can also be covered with coconut leaves instead of sacks. Occasionally light water should be sprinkled. Care should be taken not to give extra water. After leaving it like this for 2 months, compost manure will be made. When dark brown, tea-like grains are spread on the upper layer of the organic matter, it is assumed that fertilizer has been made. There is no stench at this time. Organic manure, dung, soil and farm manure fixed ratio (6: 3: 0.5: 0.5) i.e. 6% organic manure, 3% raw manure, 1/2 part soil and farm manure before feeding in composting containers. 1/2 part, mixed and left in piles for 15-20 days for partial decomposition. After a certain period of time, the mixture is used as earthworm food. Generally, a hole 1 m long, 1 m wide and 3 cm deep requires 40 kg of food. One thousand earthworms can be applied in such a hole. It takes more time to compost in the beginning (60-70 days). Later it was completed in only 40 days. This is because the number of both bacteria and earthworms increases. According to the data, 1 kg or 1000 earthworms can make 10 kg cast or compost in 60-70 days. One kg of earthworm can eat 5 kg of greens as food in a day. For that 40-50 percent humidity must be maintained. About 800-1000 earthworms weigh 1 kg. This amount of earthworm lays 2000-5000 eggs or cocoons per week. Full-grown earthworms are born in 6-7 weeks. Experience has shown that about 500 g of compost is obtained from 1 kg of raw dung. However, in the case of other agricultural wastes, 250 g of earthworm manure is available from 1 kg of raw material.